Agro and Food Union

Tomatoes in greenhouses. In heated greenhouses grow these varieties and hybrids: Ukrainian greenhouse 285, a Ukrainian Kharkivshchina, Peremoga 165, Grezanda, Rusich, Swallow, Vnukovo, immune, Stage, Vayimon, swift, Vsrlioka, plot, Virage, Gamajun, Malyshok, Sun, brook; in non-heated greenhouses – Malyshok, Sun, Ruchesk, Peremot 1G5, Kharkivshchina, Eureka, White poured 241, Kiev 139, Moldavian Early, Early 83, Svptanok, Morning, Tambov harvest of 340, etc. Seedlings are grown in well-heated greenhouses or residential premises. Seeds (300 … 400) are sown in boxes with a nutrient mixture for 60 … 65 days before transplanting in the greenhouse. It is possible to grow seedlings. directly in the ground greenhouses, with the seed about 4 g of seeds per 1 m2. Prior to germination temperature should be 25 ° C, ground 23 … 25 ° C. After germination for 4 … 7 days the temperature should be 12 … 15 ° C day and 10 … 12 ° C at night, the soil temperature – 15 … 16 ° C, then picks up the temperature on sunny days-15 … 16 ° C, overcast, 13 … 14 ° C at night – 10 … 12 ° C, soil temperature – 15 … 16 ° C. Seedlings watered 1 … 2 times for the entire growing season.

When the first true leaf seedlings diving in pots (30 … 50 at 1 m2). Intervals peat and humus-earthen pots asleep soil mixture. Air temperature during the growth of seedlings afternoon in sunny weather 17 … 19 ° C, cloudy – 16 … 15 ° C, night 12 … 14 ° C, soil temperature 15 … 16 ° C, seedlings watered moderately once in 5 … 7 days. Seedlings are fed fertilizers, the first time in 10 … 12 days after the picks, the second time within 10 days after the first, third – for 2 … 3 days before the landing. Consumption of fertilizer solution 10 liters per 100 … 150 plants. When growing seedlings for winter glazed greenhouses for spring film greenhouses with heating and early planting dates using fluorescent lamps such as LD, L B, placing them at a height of 5 … 7 cm above the plants with a flux density of radiation of 300 … 400 W / m2, or lamp DRLF, DRI, DNaT radiation flux density 120 … 200 W/m2. The height of the suspension of these lamps is 0,9 … 1,2 m from the plant to avoid burns. Length coverage seedlings 14 … 16 hours a day. Seedlings for the unheated greenhouses during the late spring planting dates, as well as for the autumn culture grown without supplementary lighting.

Age of seedlings 55 … 60 days. For planting selected healthy, aligned plant height of 25 … 30 cm, with 9 … 10 leaves and buds on the first hand. Under the tomatoes for 1 m2 made 10 … 15 kg of humus, 80 … 100 g of superphosphate and 30 … 35 g potassium sulfate. If they grow after the culture of cucumbers, which are making a big dose of manure, creating a large enough supply of soil nitrogen, it reduces the addition to the soil 3 … 4 stab kg of straw or sawdust. Organic fertilizers, in this case do not use. The soil in the greenhouse in autumn ditches with simultaneous incorporation of organic materials, and milled before planting seedlings or developing a rake with simultaneous incorporation of fertilizers. In the winter glazed greenhouse seedlings planted in February and the film greenhouses with heating the air and soil – in March, with heating only the air – in March – April, but without heat – when the mean daily temperature exceeds 15 ° C. Greenhouses today are beginning to prepare for the 10 … 15 days before planting seedlings in them. To speed ripening of the soil ventilation openings in the greenhouse after covering film opens.

Before transplanting seedlings spend labeled according to the accepted scheme of planting, cut grooves or digging wells. Plans landing: in winter greenhouses 80 X 40 cm, 90 … 100 + 50 … 60 X 40 cm in the film greenhouses with heating 70 + 40 X 30 … 35 cm, 70 + 50 X 30 cm, 80 + 40 X 30 cm in the film greenhouses without heating 80 + 20 X 20 … 25 cm, 70 + 40 X 20 cm Seedlings planted vertically, as if it developed into – to tilt so that the first flower brush was not closer than 20 cm from the soil surface. After 3 … 5 days, when the plants take root, they tie up in twine and twine – a stretched horizontally along the rows of plants at a height of wire 1,8 … 2,0 m. With the growth of plants obkruchivayut around the twine, and thus supported in a horizontal position. You can also tie up the plants and to stakes, which is installed with planting of seedlings. That Shape the plant in one stalk, step-children are regularly removed at a length of not more than 3 … 5 cm in winter greenhouses left 9 … 12 trusses on the plant, then pinch out the apical bud, saving 2 … 3 sheets over the last brush. In addition, building up 4 … 5 hands at stepson, located above 130 cm in film greenhouses with heating at the plant leaves 6 … 7 brushes, and in a greenhouse without heating – 3 … 4 brushes.

Old yellowed leaves are removed in the first half of the day. For best pollination of flowers hold tapestry shaking or vibration of flowers with electrovibrators ORC-65. During the growing season in the greenhouse until flowering maintain ‘air temperature on sunny days 20 … 22 ° C, cloudy – 17 … 18 ° C, night 15 … 16 ° C, soil temperature 17 … 18 ° C, during fruiting – the air temperature on sunny days 24 … 26 ° C, cloudy – 18 … 20 ° C, night 15 … 18 ° C, soil temperature 20 … 22 ° C. Watering tomatoes in the flowering period of the first and second brush in 10 … 12 days, and during the appearance of fruits and their ripening and maturing – in 2 … 4 days. Cost of water is 10 … 15 l/m2. It is better to water in the morning with warm water (22 … 25 ° C). Flow solution 1,0 … 1,5 l per plant. If the plants form a rampant vegetative mass at the expense of fruit, the nitrogen fertilizer is not fed. Fruiting of tomatoes begins in 100 … 120 days after germination. Clean brown fruit every 2 … 3 days.

Tomatoes by many film shelters. Uses early-maturing varieties of open ground Kiev 139, Early 83, White filling 241, Peremoga 165, Volgograd 323, Svitanok, Morning, Tambov fruitful 340.Osenyu plot fertilized with humus at 10 … 15 kg/m2 and mineral fertilizers: superphosphate 40 … 60 g/m1-, potassium sulfate 20 … 30, ammonium nitrate 20 … 30 g/m2 and ditches. Seedlings planted in the age of 60 … 65 days, when the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm will not lower than 10 ° C. When the width of shelters 160 … 130 cm planted four rows of plants on-line, tape e distance between ribbons of 60 cm, the ribbon 30 cm between plants in row 20 … 25 cm in width 80 cm shelter scheme planting 100 + 40 X 15 … 20 cm Care is to systematically pasynkovanii – building plants in a single stem with leaving 3 … 4 brushes. To maintain the bush in an upright position pull two rows of wire at a height of 80 cm Particular attention should be paid to ventilation of shelters. We can not allow the plants come into contact with the film, because it causes them burns. The tape was removed in late May – early June. Best film shoot in overcast weather, or in the afternoon. Water the tomatoes under the shelter more often than in open ground. Fed them the same doses of fertilizer as in the film greenhouses. Remove badly yellowed and withered leaves.

Tomatoes in greenhouses. The crops TT the same variety that many film and under cover, or after the first crop of early cabbage seedlings.
The optimum age of seedlings for planting in greenhouses GO … 65 days. In the early stages of landing under one frame has 16 plants in four rows along the duct, four plants in a row, at a distance of 25 cm from one another. The shrub form of two stems, leaving the plant pa 4 … 8 brushes. After the vegetable seedlings are planted to 20 plants under the frame. Bush form a single stem, leaving 2 … 3 brush. Pasynki regularly removed. Plants tie up to the stakes, which put on the north side. Fed for the first time in 10 … 12 days after transplanting, the second – two weeks after the first, in the period of mass fruitage – every 10 days. For fertilizing at the rate of one frame greenhouse in 10 l of water were dissolved 60 g of ammonium nitrate, 100 g of superphosphate, 30 g of potassium sulphate. During the growing season 2 … 3 times spiked with warm soil with a layer of 2,0 … 2,5 cm yet zavyazhutsya fruits, tomatoes, watering once a week. After fruit set in the first-second hand watering and increase the spend in 2 … 3 days.