Agro and Food Union

Land for planting are best prepared in the autumn. It should be borne in mind that potatoes need good drainage, that is sufficient breathing roots (for better and rapid formation of tubers). If the spring on the site stagnate melt water, try to give a section of flat or slightly convex profile, to the spring water can quickly subside until the soil is thawed, and the earth, thawed, was able to breathe. The edges of the site, dig drainage ditches with access to the deeper drainage channel. Even if your garden plot is not in the swamp, but just at your site, elevated levels of groundwater, the land begins to turn sour very quickly. This is expressed in the compaction, soil overgrown with moss and sorrel, and, finally, the acquisition of bluish tint and consistency is very viscous clay, with an unpleasant sour smell. How can I do? Below is a list of simple, but absolutely necessary action.

If your site is low. It is possible that it just below the surrounding areas. Where can I get a lot of fertile land in order to raise the plot? It is easier and cheaper to just bring a few cars and fine sand. But do not pour it on the beds, unless you have solid clay. Sypte sand under the beds, ie, on-site beds toss aside fertile land, bring the trench to a depth of 1,5-2 bayonet spade. Backfill so much sand, so to the desired level of the beds remained at about 1.5 bayonet height. Now cross a fertile land back. A rough, zakisshuyu earth from a depth of 1,5-2 bayonet loosen and taken to the side, even one year old Lie group, limp, aeriruetsya. After a year or two, before winter it can be dug on the scatter plot with a layer of 1-2 cm Note that the sand will also be a drainage layer, so bad to bring it closer to the drainage grooves on the edges of the site. Carrying out such an operation, even with the beds in one season, you have to put up a very few years his land, while increasing its fertility.

Podzimnyaya digging. And this is especially important for heavy, waterlogged soil and coarse – mandatory continuous digging before winter. This digging can replace only the spring. Digging deep, large chunks of land do not have to pick. Under the action of air, atmospheric moisture and frost break up lumps of soil, saturated with oxygen. As a result of complex reactions earth becomes loose, and nutrients available to plants. If you want to quickly increase the fertility of the soil, sprinkle on top of the soil dug manure (can not do without it), fit any, even rotted. We just need sprinkle cake scattered land (or even fine sand, if you have oily peat or loam) layer of a few centimeters (less than 5 cm). In the spring digging you will see how many earthworms – generators of fertility – divorces under each pancake manure.

From forms of combat diseases and pests are the most important preventive measures, which are usually the least expended and labor. Earth, where potatoes are grown, there must be clear from the tops: to make it beyond the fields burn or douse with lime at the rate of 1 kg per 10 liters of water and buried in the ground or a hole. Despite the fact that in the North-West region of phytophthora not overwinter in foliage and plant residues are a source of infection for other fungal diseases of potato – pu-zoktonioza, scab, macrosporiosis. For protection against wireworms should be collected from the field the whole small potatoes, and a fight Soboliferous weeds, which lives in the roots of this beetle larvae, beetles. Remove weeds will help early autumn digging over the soil to a depth of 20-25 cm is often perennial weeds in the autumn, after digging, time to grow again, then they should be removed. And in the spring they will be much less on the field. Before digging in the area manure or humus.

Remember that the potato does not make a fresh manure, introduced in the spring in the hole, this often leads to an outbreak of fungal diseases. The average fall of 1 m2 made 8-10 kg of organics. On poor soils, organic fertilizer dose increased to 20 kg. The effectiveness of these fertilizers is increasing, if they are to add 3-4 kg of phosphorous-potassium fertilizer per ton of manure. Phosphate and potassium fertilizers can be made separately, before digging, spilling about 20 g of superphosphate, 25 g of potassium sulfate and potassium salt or potassium chloride. Application of potassium at the site makes the potato crisp. However, chlorine has a negative effect, so chlorinated potash fertilizer should be applied in the autumn, and chlorine-free potash fertilizers – in the spring hole. If you got acidic soil, you need to liming. This early fall soil preparation will, in addition to controlling weeds and pests, it is better to keep moisture and nutrients in the soil, a friable, fine-lumpy layer of soil – one of the components of high farming potatoes.

Shalya tillage, deep ripping. If you have a fertile, well-drained, with plenty of earthworms the soil, then apply gentle treatment of the soil. Instead of digging the autumn planted soil-covering plants (more on primary cultures) to protect from rain run-off nutrients in autumn and spring. These plants can serve as a green manure. (Green manuring – plowing green mass of lupine, seradelly and other green manure plants (green manure) to enrich the soil organic matter, nitrogen and other nutrients.) They dug in the spring. In addition, they help to protect potatoes from nematodes. Spring light soil loosened with a pitchfork, only slightly shifting layer. Deep loosening of doing so: vertical stick forks, tips for yourself, then, a little more pressing the fork into the ground, assign the handle forward, shifting the soil layer from you. Heavy dig classical way. But again I note that the gentle treatment of the soil is suitable only for cultivated loose, well-drained, fertile soil. For crude, prone to zakisaniyu soil should be podzimnyuyu digging the soil with the introduction of large doses of organic fertilizer for the development of beneficial soil microorganisms.

Spring digging. In the spring, as soon as ripe soil, land dug up at a smaller depth than in autumn, passing choosing rhizomes of weeds, larvae of the May beetle and wireworms. Here we must carefully pick lumps of earth. Carry out deep loosening, as described above. Next loosened the surface of a hoe or cultivator approximately polshtyka shovels, zadelyvaya ash, compost, mineral fertilizers, rotted manure or humus. The soil is spread once a rake, so as not to drain. Now the soil in your area is saturated with air and fertilized.